{"id":14104,"date":"2023-09-07T11:37:14","date_gmt":"2023-09-07T08:37:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/citil.av.tr\/?p=14104"},"modified":"2023-09-07T11:42:13","modified_gmt":"2023-09-07T08:42:13","slug":"hukuk-felsefesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/citil.av.tr\/en\/hukuk-felsefesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Hukuk Felsefesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Anayasa Madde 137 Olmasayd\u0131 Su\u00e7 \u0130\u015fleyen Ki\u015filere Kolluk G\u00fc\u00e7lerinin Etti\u011fi \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130\u015fkence, “Hukuka Uygun” (Legalite) Kabul Edilebilir Miydi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kanunsuz emir<\/em><\/p>\n

Anayasa Madde 137\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<\/strong>Kamu hizmetlerinde herhangi bir s\u0131fat ve suretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta olan kimse, \u00fcst\u00fcnden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 emri, y\u00f6netmelik, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi, kanun veya Anayasa h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrse, yerine getirmez ve bu ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 o emri verene bildirir. Ancak, \u00fcst\u00fc emrinde \u0131srar eder ve bu emrini yaz\u0131 ile yenilerse, emir yerine getirilir; bu halde, emri yerine getiren sorumlu olmaz.\u00a0[75]<\/sup>Konusu su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden emir, hi\u00e7bir suretle yerine getirilmez; yerine getiren kimse sorumluluktan kurtulamaz.\u00a0<\/em>Askeri hizmetlerin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi ve acele hallerde kamu d\u00fczeni ve kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011finin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kanunla g\u00f6sterilen istisnalar sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fkence hem T\u00fcrk Hukukuna hem de Uluslararas\u0131 Hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Anayasada ki\u015finin haklar\u0131 ve \u00f6devleri b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn; ki\u015finin dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 17. Maddesinin 3. F\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re \u201cKimseye i\u015fkence ve eziyet yap\u0131lamaz; kimse insan haysiyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan bir cezaya veya muameleye tabi tutulamaz.\u201d <\/em>H\u00fckm\u00fcn lafz\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere i\u015fkence a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanunun ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde ise \u201ci\u015fkence g\u00f6rmeme hakk\u0131n\u0131n\u201d ki\u015finin temel haklar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Anayasan\u0131n 17. Maddesinin gerek\u00e7esine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ise \u201cMaddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 i\u015fkence, eziyet yahut insan h\u00fcrriyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan ceza ve muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 koymaktad\u0131r. Uzun a\u00e7\u0131klamalara gerek yokturki i\u015fkence, eziyet yahut insan h\u00fcrriyetiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan ceza veya muamele, bug\u00fcn ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f bulundu\u011fumuz uygarl\u0131k d\u00fczeyinde, hem insan\u00ee duygular\u0131 rencide eder niteliktedir; hem de ki\u015finin v\u00fccut b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bir tecav\u00fczd\u00fcr.\u201d <\/em>\u015eeklindeki a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yine \u201ci\u015fkence\u201dnin ki\u015finin temel haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fi ve \u201cuzun a\u00e7\u0131klamalara\u201d dahi gerek olmadan i\u015fkencenin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz hukuk d\u00fczenine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131labilir oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Anayasa madde 90\/5 h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca \u201cUsul\u00fcne g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmu\u015f Milletleraras\u0131 andla\u015fmalar kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Bunlar hakk\u0131nda Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131 ile Anayasa Mahkemesine ba\u015fvurulamaz. (Ek c\u00fcmle: 7\/5\/2004- 5170\/7 md.) Usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmu\u015f temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere ili\u015fkin milletleraras\u0131 andla\u015fmalarla kanunlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 konuda farkl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7ermesi nedeniyle \u00e7\u0131kabilecek uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda milletleraras\u0131 andla\u015fma h\u00fck\u00fcmleri esas al\u0131n\u0131r.\u201d <\/em>Buna g\u00f6re bizim i\u00e7in ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olan A\u0130HS\u2019ne bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda; hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 3. Maddesinde \u201cHi\u00e7 kimse i\u015fkenceye, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 muameleye veya cezaya tabi tutulamaz.\u201d <\/em>denilerek i\u015fkence ve onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ceza ve muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Yine h\u00fckm\u00fcn hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde d\u00fczenlenmesinden uluslararas\u0131 hukukta; i\u015fkencenin, ki\u015finin temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin ihlali oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131 istisna getirilemeyen mutlak yasaklardand\u0131r. Yani uluslararas\u0131 kamu d\u00fczeninin emredici hukuk kural\u0131d\u0131r, jus cogens\u2019dir. A\u0130HS m.15\/2\u2019ye g\u00f6re bu yasa\u011f\u0131n ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc durumlarda dahi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir<\/strong>. Bu ilke devlete negatif, pozitif ve etkin bir \u015fekilde soru\u015fturma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirmektedir. Negatif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck, devletin kimseyi i\u015fkenceye, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 muamele veya cezaya tabi tutmama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck ise devletin, bireylerin bu t\u00fcrden eylemlerin ma\u011fduru olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyici tedbirler almas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise devletin bu t\u00fcrden eylemlerde bulunan ki\u015fileri etkin bir \u015fekilde soru\u015fturmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra TCK \u201ci\u015fkence ve eziyet\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u201ci\u015fkence\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 madde 94-1 \u201cBir kis\u0327iye kars\u0327\u0131 insan onuruyla bag\u0306das\u0327mayan ve bedensel veya ruhsal yo\u0308nden ac\u0131 c\u0327ekmesine, alg\u0131lama veya irade yeteneg\u0306inin etkilenmesine, as\u0327ag\u0306\u0131lanmas\u0131na yol ac\u0327acak davran\u0131s\u0327lar\u0131 gerc\u0327ekles\u0327tiren kamu go\u0308revlisi hakk\u0131nda u\u0308c\u0327 y\u0131ldan oniki y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131na hu\u0308kmolunur.\u201d <\/em>\u0130le de i\u015fkencenin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu su\u00e7un kamu g\u00f6revlisi <\/strong>taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenmesinin su\u00e7 oldu\u011funa de\u011finilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bunlar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, i\u015fkence; pozitif hukuk sistemine t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmakla beraber kimi hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin aksine herhangi bir \u015fekilde istisna getirilemez bir yasakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131 genel bir hukuk kural\u0131 yani kaidedir. \u201cYorum yoluyla istisna \u00fcretilemez\u201d <\/em>ilkesi gere\u011fi bu kaideye ancak kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan bir istisna getirilebilir-ki yukar\u0131da de\u011finildi\u011fi \u00fczere i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131 istisna getirilemeyen mutlak yasaklardand\u0131r-. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kolluk kuvvetlerine \u00f6zel bir istisnas\u0131 olmayan i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, bu ba\u011flamda ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmesine de gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015fkence yasa\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin de <\/strong>bulundu\u011fu bu nedenle kolluk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin su\u00e7 i\u015flemi\u015f ki\u015filere i\u015fkence etmesinin hukuka uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7itil Avukatl\u0131k Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Blog sayfas\u0131nda yer alan hukuk ve di\u011fer konulardaki yaz\u0131lar ilk sizin e-postan\u0131za gelsin isterseniz \u00c7itil Haber B\u00fclteni\u2019ne \u00fcye olun!<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcbra Nur SA\u011eDI\u00c7 <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Anayasa Madde 137 Olmasayd\u0131 Su\u00e7 \u0130\u015fleyen Ki\u015filere Kolluk G\u00fc\u00e7lerinin Etti\u011fi \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130\u015fkence, “Hukuka Uygun” (Legalite) Kabul Edilebilir Miydi? Kanunsuz emir Anayasa Madde 137\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Kamu hizmetlerinde herhangi bir s\u0131fat ve suretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta olan kimse, \u00fcst\u00fcnden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 emri, y\u00f6netmelik, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi, kanun veya Anayasa h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrse, yerine getirmez ve bu ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 o emri verene bildirir. Ancak, \u00fcst\u00fc…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14107,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[95],"tags":[48,602,804,44],"yoast_head":"\nHukuk Felsefesi - \u00c7itil Avukatl\u0131k Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kamu hizmetlerinde herhangi bir s\u0131fat ve suretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta olan kimse, \u00fcst\u00fcnden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 emri, y\u00f6netmelik, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi, kanun veya Anayasa h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrse, yerine getirmez ve bu ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 o emri verene bildirir. Ancak, \u00fcst\u00fc emrinde \u0131srar eder ve bu emrini yaz\u0131 ile yenilerse, emir yerine getirilir\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/citil.av.tr\/en\/hukuk-felsefesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hukuk Felsefesi - \u00c7itil Avukatl\u0131k Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kamu hizmetlerinde herhangi bir s\u0131fat ve suretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta olan kimse, \u00fcst\u00fcnden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 emri, y\u00f6netmelik, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi, kanun veya Anayasa h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrse, yerine getirmez ve bu ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 o emri verene bildirir. 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